Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): How Fungi Control the Global Energy Reserve of All Life

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): How Fungi Control the Global Energy Reserve of All Life

In the human body, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy currency for humans cells and also all living organisms from fungi to bacteria to plants and animals. Understanding the intricate role of ATP in cellular processes is crucial for comprehending the intricate mechanisms that drive life at a microscopic level.

ATP is classified as a nucleic acid and is composed of three fundamental components: adenine, a nitrogenous base; a five-carbon ribose sugar; and a triphosphate chain containing three phosphate groups.

The phosphate groups in ATP, known as alpha, beta, and gamma from closest to farthest from the ribose sugar, are linked by high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds.

Its structure, with high-energy phosphate bonds, allows for the storage and release of energy, which is the driving force behind the functionality of ATP. Upon the cleavage of these bonds, a surge of energy is released, propelling a myriad of cellular functions essential for the sustenance of living organisms.

When these bonds are broken, the release of energy fuels a myriad of cellular functions, enabling processes such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and biosynthesis to occur efficiently.

Phosphates are complex compounds fundamental to all cells and help form and repair our DNA and RNA. Phosphate is an anion composed of phosphorous (P) and oxygen (O) atoms.

Phosphorous is an element whereas phosphate is an anion.

An anion is an ion with negative charge, meaning it has more electrons than protons.

It is important that we understand that all life on earth shares the elemental energy source of phosphorous. It is derived from Ancient Greek φωσφόρος (phōsphóros, “the bearer of light”), from φῶς (phôs, “light”) + φέρω (phérō, “to bear, carry”). In Latin, it is known as lucifer and is encoded in Scripture in the Book of Issah as “fallen from heavan.”

When a cell requires energy to carry out essential processes such as muscle contraction, active transport of molecules across membranes, or synthesis of macromolecules, it initiates the breakdown of ATP. Enzymes within the cell catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP by breaking the bond between the terminal phosphate group and the rest of the molecule.

This process results in the formation of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi), along with the release of energy that was stored in the phosphoanhydride bond. The energy released powers the specific cellular activity that required it, allowing cells to perform tasks vital for their survival and function.

ATP is also known as a purine, which means it is one of two chemical compounds that cells use to make the building blocks of DNA and RNA. They are found in mainly in meat and meat products and are broken down by the body to form uric acid, which is passed in the urine.

Purines such as ATP and adenosine play a central role in the energy metabolism of all life forms. They are released from neurons and glial cells which produce widespread effects on multiple organ systems by binding to purinergic receptors located on the cell surface.

ATP is essential for various cellular processes, including brain function, muscle contraction, biosynthesis, and active transport processes in cells. Active transport involves the movement of molecules or ions against their concentration gradient, requiring energy input. It acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter in motor neurons of the spinal cord, as well as sensory and autonomic ganglia.

Through the cleavage of these phosphoanhydride bonds, ATP releases the energy needed to drive processes such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, protein synthesis, and various biochemical reactions within cells. This energy transfer mechanism not only sustains basic cellular functions but also enables organisms to grow, reproduce, and respond to environmental stimuli.

When this system is altered or is not getting and or recycyling an adequate amount of ATP through diet and excercise, then these processes become corrupt causing orgamisms such as humans to stop growing and able to respond adequately to environmental stimuli.

I contend that you physical and mental capacities enter into an automanous or sleep like state.

HOW DO WE CREATE ATP?

ATP is created when we eat food. Especially meat and dairy products.

When food is consumed, it undergoes digestion by our microbiome, i.e.: fungi and bacteria which we feed to break down our food into vitamins and ATP energy.

Without this community of microbes that lives symbiotically within and around us, we would not be able to break down the food we eat. Hence, we would simply not exist.

My contention is that this relationship can be compared to a master and slave being that we are slaves and they are our masters.

This is why they can become paraistic when we do not give these microbes the nutrients they require. As if there is an automantonus kill switch withit our cells that turns on when we digress againts these natursal laws. Instead of eating the good food we supply them with, they will eat us and the science proves this.

Let me explain how this happens…

ATP synthesis is the process by which ATP is produced, typically occurring in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells through cellular respiration by our microbiome. During this process, energy is generated and stored in the form of ATP, ready to be used for various cellular functions.

With that said, it is not you and I who create this energy, but the fungi and bacteria within our guts.

This microbial energy is created by what scientists call, “ATP synthase.”

This means our microbiome rotates in a clockwise manner (like hydroelectric turbines) in response to eating food causing proton flow coupled with ATP synthesis to catalyze the conversion of Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to ATP.

Here is a computer animation of this process that occurs within a “healthy human gastrointestinal tract.”

This quote from a team of scientists from Germany and Japan to summarize their study of ATP synthase:

“ATP synthase is an iconic intelligently designed molecular machine because of its rotary engine and its universal distribution. Similar forms of these rotating machines, one-tenth the size of the famous bacterial flagellum, are found in all animal cells, plant cells, bacteria, and archaea.

The precision machine raises a huge challenge to all origin-of-life theories: how could a working cell arise without these irreducibly complex molecular machines?

They are vital to every organism on earth.

I heard a biologist at JPL say that if they stopped working, we would be dead before we hit the floor.

For eukaryotic ATP synthase, there is a rotor and stator in the FO domain that turns a “crankshaft” to operate the F1 domain. In the F1 domain, three pairs of catalytic units combine ADP (adenosine diphosphate) with phosphate to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the universal energy currency for most cellular processes.

A main purpose of the food we eat is to create a flow of ions to operate these machines.

ATP synthase is the last machine in a series of complexes in our mitochondria whose collective function is to donate electrons to various intermediates so that protons can be extracted. Protons accumulate between the mitochondrial membranes and flow into ATP synthases.

The machines are lined up in pairs along the folds of the mitochondria (cristae) to take advantage of the proton motive force. That flow of protons turns the FO domains like waterwheels, generating three ATP per revolution in the F1 domains, as shown in the animation.”

ADP can be converted back to ATP through a process called phosphorylation, in which a phosphate group is added back to the molecule using energy from other cellular processes such as respiration or photosynthesis.

Phosphorylation is the process by which protons move through the ATP synthase releasing energy that causes the rotor and rod of the ATP synthase to rotate. The mechanical energy from this rotation is converted into chemical energy as phosphate is added to ADP to form ATP.

The release of one or two phosphate groups from ATP, a process called dephosphorylation, releases energy, i.e., the removal of a phosphate group from an organic compound changing ATP to ADP.

Respiration is the act  of respiring, which is the process by which a living organism or cell takes (inhales) oxygen from the air or water and exhales it. Photosynthesis is the process by which animals and plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.

This is exactly why today many health practitioners and coaches highly recommend people breathe properly to get proper oxygen intake and go out into the sun as often as possible.

The main purpose is to keep our cells oscillating/rotating in a clockwise manner with the clock of the earth (circadian rhythms) through environmental cues and managing bodily processes by consciously being aware and controlling them to a certain degree.

It is interesting to note that our microbiome creates and is in control of these natural rotations or oscillations in our gastrointestinal tracts. 

I contend that this rotation does not only occur within our GI tracts, but also around our bodies as a type of signaling molecule for these same said microbes.

Scientisists call this the “purine signaling pathway.”

A purine is an aromatic ring of atoms composed of carbon and nitrogen.  The main purinergic receptors are adenosine, ATP and UTP and purines include adenine and guanine, which participate in DNA and RNA formation

Purines are aromatic which means they have an aroma or smell.

This is why the human microbiome, comprising trillions of microorganisms residing in our gut, skin, and other body surfaces, plays a crucial role in not only maintaining our overall health and well-being, but also the way we smell and our bodily wastes smell.

This smell, I theorize, has a certain wavelength that signals or magnetizes these microorganisms to either live symbiotically within and around us or to command them to parasite/eat.

This is why when our ATP intake is low, fungal overgrowth will start to occur within our bodies.

This “purine signal” I theorize acts like a magnet or computer program that sends out wavelengths based on its energy production or lack thereof. Since fungi do not have eyes, ears and a nose, these wavelengths serve as biological commands in our environments for these microorganisms such as the fungi Candida and Aspergillus to either live mutually or symbiotically or for this relationship to become parasitic.

As within, so without and as without, so within.

According to a recent study:

The skin is colonized by a diverse microbiota. Many cutaneous organisms produce molecules that regulate colonization by other microorganisms and modify their intrinsic biology and behavior. The community of commensal species can act synergistically to alter local immune reactivity for mutual benefits of the commensals and the host without leading to pathology.

As part of a dynamic equilibrium between proinflammatory and immunoregulatory signals, extracellular adenosine (ADO) triphosphate (eATP) produced by commensal flora plays an important role in the regulation of immune detection, immune response, and ultimately a balance between host and commensal organisms such as Candida albicans (Mascanfroni et al., 2015).

The term “glia,” originating from the Greek word for “glue” because it is our glia cells that act as a type of super glue or more appropriately a carbon film like matrix that create an interface with oustide stimuli and organisms.

Glial cells play pivotal roles in the intricate functioning of the brain. Beyond their traditional perception as mere “glue” cells, glial cells play a crucial role in modulating the speed and efficiency of nerve signal transmission in maintaining the brain’s homeostasis and functionality.

One of the key functions of glial cells is their role in regulating the ionic environment surrounding nerve cells. By maintaining precise levels of ions such as potassium and calcium, glial cells create an optimal milieu for efficient signal propagation. This fine-tuned control helps ensure the rapid and accurate transmission of electrical impulses along neural circuits, ultimately contributing to the proper functioning of the brain.

Moreover, glial cells contribute significantly to the speed and efficiency of nerve signal transmission playing a crucial role in modulating synaptic activity by regulating the uptake of neurotransmitters. This function allows for precise control of neuronal communication, impacting various cognitive processes and behaviors.

Astrocytes, a prominent subtype of glial cells, play a crucial role in synaptogenesis and synaptic pruning, processes essential for refining neuronal connectivity and optimizing neural circuitry. By regulating neurotransmitter levels and providing metabolic support to neurons, astrocytes fine-tune synaptic transmission and facilitate efficient neuronal communication.

In 1994, researchers conducted experiments where they stimulated astrocytes in a dish, observing nearby neurons preparing to send signals in response. Building upon this, in 1997, Volterra and his team observed rat astrocytes responding to neurons with oscillating waves of the signaling molecule calcium.

Over the span of 2000 to 2012, more than 100 papers were published supporting the notion of astrocytes communicating via synapses.

While neurons are commonly depicted as trees with branching dendrites, astrocytes resemble a fungus, creating a dense network that covers the brain and facilitates information exchange among its components.

Neurofilament staining of human astrocytes

This intricate web of astrocytes appears to play a role in influencing neuronal activity. Further research unveiled fascinating insights into astrocytes’ impact on brain function.

For instance, in 2016, Kira Poskanzer’s work at the University of California, San Francisco revealed that mouse astrocytes can induce neighboring neurons into a rhythmic sleep state, highlighting the dynamic interplay between astrocytes and neurons in shaping brain activity.

According to UCLA:

Astrocytes have been implicated in a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, stroke, traumatic brain injury and autism. Certain aspect of astrocyte function helps neural repair whereas astrocyte dysfunction exacerbates diseases. Scientists are only beginning to understand what roles astrocytes play in each type of brain disorder.”

Astrocytes are adept at controlling the concentration of ions in the extracellular space, which is essential for maintaining the resting membrane potential of neurons. By regulating the levels of ions, glial cells help in preventing excessive neuronal excitability or inhibition, thus contributing to the stability of neural signaling.

The discovery of astrocytes in 1865 marked a turning point, leading scientists to delve deeper into the world of glial cells and uncover a vast array of functions that go beyond mere structural support. From regulating the ionic environment surrounding nerve cells to influencing nerve signal transmission speed, controlling neurotransmitter uptake, and aiding in neural development through scaffold provision, glial cells have proven to be indispensable players in the neural orchestra.

This newfound understanding challenges the traditional notion of glial cells as passive bystanders and underscores their active and crucial involvement in brain physiology.

CONTROL YOUR GUT (MICROBIOME) OR IT WILL CONTROL YOU!

Our microbiome influences our digestion, metabolism, immune system, and even mental health. It aids in the breakdown of food, the synthesis of essential nutrients, and the protection against harmful pathogens.

These tiny inhabitants consist of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms that form a complex ecosystem within and AROUND us.

This intricate network of microbes communicates with our cells and influences gene expression, demonstrating its profound impact on our physiology.

This symbiotic and sometimes parasitic relationship between our microbiome and energy production pathways underscores the interconnectedness of our body’s systems and the profound impact it can have on our overall well-being.

Meaning exercise and movement, which causes our cells to respire and going the sun are important for this process to work correctly.

Regulation and Recycling of ATP in Living Organisms

Regulation and recycling of ATP in living organisms are vital processes that ensure the continuous availability of energy necessary for cellular activities. The intricate balance of ATP levels within cells is tightly regulated to meet the dynamic energy demands of various biological processes.

Cells possess sophisticated mechanisms to maintain optimal ATP levels. One crucial aspect of ATP regulation involves the enzymes responsible for ATP synthesis and degradation. ATP synthase, a key enzyme in cellular respiration, facilitates the production of ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) during the process of oxidative phosphorylation.

Conversely, ATPases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi, releasing energy that fuels cellular processes. ATP Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction where a phosphate bond that has been stored within ATP is broken by water after splitting these bonds, for example in muscles, by producing work in the form of mechanical energy.

When it comes to ATP production, understanding the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration pathways is crucial.

Aerobic respiration is the process that occurs in the presence of oxygen and is highly efficient, producing a large amount of ATP from glucose molecules. This process takes place in the mitochondria of cells and involves a series of complex reactions, including the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.

On the other hand, anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen and is less efficient compared to aerobic respiration. One common example of anaerobic respiration is fermentation, where glucose is partially broken down to produce ATP and byproducts such as lactic acid or ethanol fermentation. I

While anaerobic respiration can provide a quick burst of energy, it is not sustainable for long periods due to the accumulation of lactic acid which can lead to muscle fatigue.

ATP’s function is entirely reliant on the availability of ADP. Without an adequate supply, ATP synthase ceases to function correctly, causing it to dysfunction and decreased ATP production.

Meaning, at the cellular level, your cells start to stop spinning and producing energy.

In fact, it can start spinning counter clockwise.

This then rewires energy metabolism and causes enhanced glycolysis and inflammatory processes, which are a common feature of many age‐associated diseases, including Alzheimer’s, muscular dystrophy, ALS, diabetes and cancer.

This is called microbiota dysbiosis, which refers to an imbalance in the composition and function of the microbial communities that reside in our gut.

The meaning of the compound word dysbiosis is from the Greek dys which means bad and biosis, the way of life.

Dysbiosis has been linked to conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), depression, anxiety, and autism spectrum disorders.

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) sense microbial stimuli through a number of different mechanisms that regulate IEC gene transcription and inflammatory responses.

It plays an important role in the digestion of food, absorption of nutrients, and protection of the human body from microbial infections, and others.

The intestinal epithelium is a highly dynamic tissue that provides both physical and chemical barriers to protect the intestinal mucosa and peripheral organs from commensal microbes or invading pathogenic microorganisms. In addition to forming a barrier, IECs also detect a myriad of signals from intestinal microbes, allowing fine tuning of IEC proliferation and homeostatic functions

It is the interface between us and them.

A deficiency in ATP synthase, believed to be triggered by mutations in the mtDNA genes for ATP subunits, contributes to various genetic mitochondrial diseases. Moreover, a range of conditions, including Alzheimer’s, muscular dystrophy, ALS, diabetes, and cancer, can induce secondary mitochondrial dysfunction.

Unfortunately, there are currently no known treatments for either secondary ATP deficiency or genetic mitochondrial diseases. However, researchers at the University of Colorado (CU) have been delving into the symbiotic relationship between gut bacteria and the human body, potentially uncovering a breakthrough for addressing ATP synthase deficiency.

They have devised a method to circumvent this limitation by leveraging fast-growing filamentous fungi, Neurospora crassa.

Neurospora crassa is a type of red bread mold of the genus of Ascomycete. The name, meaning ‘nerve spore’ in Greek, refers to resemblance to brain axons.

Neurospora research has found this fungi to be especially useful for studies of photobiology, circadian rhythms, population biology, morphogenesis, mitochondrial import, DNA repair and recombination, DNA methylation, and other epigenetic processes (Borkovich et al. 2004).

To be continued…

SOURCES:

Science Facts

Science Direct

Chemisty World

Colorado University

UCLA

University of Copenhagen

Univesity of Colorado

Florida Surgeon General: These Vaccines Are the Antichrists of All Products

Florida Surgeon General: These Vaccines Are the Antichrists of All Products

On Thursday, Florida Surgeon General Dr. Joseph Ladapo went on the Steve Bannon War Room Podcast calling the COVID-19 vaccine inoculations – the “Antichrist of all products”

Lapado brought the conversation about vaccines into the religious dimension with his criticism as if it were the mark of the beast.

“I think it probably does have some integration at some levels with the human genome,” Ladapo said, “because these vaccines are honestly—they’re the Antichrist of all products.

Tucker Carlson interviewed the Florida Surgeon General on January 15th about his statements.


So I think it probably does. But I’m not saying it does.

“I’m saying that they themselves have said you should test for it,” he said of the U.S.Food and Drug Administration.

“And that hasn’t happened, and they’ve provided no proof that it’s happened. And that’s so wrong.

You know, it’s just complete disrespect to the human genome and the importance of protecting it and preserving it.

And that is our connection to God.”

Florida Surgeon General Ladapo’s comments come on the heels of the Ron DeSantis appointee who advocated for the discontinuation of mRNA vaccines, citing his belief that they could pose a threat to DNA.

In a statement released January 4th by the Florida Department of Health, Ladapo referred to a Dec. 6 letter to the FDA in which he raised concerns about “nucleic acid contaminants” in the Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, and the “unique risks posed by DNA integration.”

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration called Ladapo’s DNA claims “misleading” and “implausible,” saying they have proven to be safe, effective and often life saving.

“The FDA stands firmly behind the safety, effectiveness and manufacturing quality of the approved and authorized COVID-19 vaccines, and respectfully disagrees with the Florida Surgeon General’s opinion.

“It is simply a fact that millions of lives have been saved because of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, which most Americans undergoing vaccination have received,” said FDA spokesperson Cherie Duvall-Jones.

“The challenge we continue to face is the ongoing proliferation of misinformation and disinformation about these vaccines which results in vaccine hesitancy that lowers vaccine uptake,” the FDA response to Ladapo said.

“Given the dramatic reduction in the risk of death, hospitalization and serious illness afforded by the vaccines, lower vaccine uptake is contributing to the continued death and serious illness toll of COVID-19.”

The Stoned Ape Theory

The Stoned Ape Theory

According to the “Stoned Ape Theory” developed by Terrence McKenna and his brother Dennis McKenna, a community of proto-humans might have consumed the magic mushrooms they found in the wild and eaten them.

After ingesting the psilocybin mushrooms, their brains kicked into overdrive, acquiring new information-processing capabilities, imagination, and a mind-blowing expansion of consciousness. In short, psychedelic mushrooms gave Homo sapiens the mental edge over other hominids and helped them evolve into modern humans.

McKenna was an ethnobotanist, philosopher, psychonaut, researcher and author who devoted his life to studying psychedelics and proposing new ways to view society, spirituality and the human experience. He theorized how psychedelics could have been used by early humans to expand their minds and become more intelligent.

In 1992, Terence McKenna argued in the book, Food of the Gods that what Homo erectus to evolve into Homo sapiens was its encounter with magic mushrooms and psilocybin, the psychedelic compound within them, on that evolutionary journey. He called this the Stoned Ape Hypothesis.

The psychedelic drug opened up an entirely new way of perceiving reality for the early human species. They began to see the world in a way they had never seen it before – and just like that, man became self-conscious.

McKenna said, “Homo sapiens ate our way to a higher consciousness,” and, “It was at this time that religious ritual, calendar making, and natural magic came into their own.”

As humans evolved, the domestication of wild cattle led to time spent around cattle droppings, and because psilocybin mushrooms commonly grow in cow dung, “the human-mushroom interspecies codependency was enhanced and deepened,” McKenna explained.

In his book ‘The Invisible Landscape: Mind, Hallucinogens, and the I Ching’ Terrence McKenna writes:

“I propose that the key to Homo sapiens’ leap from primitive protohumanity to full humanity was a mutation in the control of psilocybin biosynthesis. It is now clear from molecular phylogenetic studies that psilocybin mushrooms are widely distributed in nature.

They appear to be common among the tropical and subtropical fungi growing on dung. It is impossible not to suspect that their presence so close to the lives of cattle and other grazing herbivores is not accidental.” McKenna had written.

No one can say for certain whether or not this theory is true. However, some researchers believe that psychedelics played an important role in human evolution because they allowed our ancestors to think outside the box.

Fungi pioneer, Paul Stamets had substantiated McKenna’s theory at Psychedelic Science 2017 in his presentation, “Psilocybin Mushrooms and the Mycology of Consciousness.” Stamets also claims that consciousness, language, creativity, and imagination all were spurred by exposure to psychedelic mushrooms.

In his talk, Stamets said;

“What is really important for you to understand,” he said, “is that there was a sudden doubling of the human brain 200,000 years ago. From an evolutionary point of view, that’s an extraordinary expansion. And there is no explanation for this sudden increase in the human brain.”

Paul Stamets is a mycologist, author and advocate of bioremediation and medicinal fungi. He is a major proponent of the idea that mushrooms are ‘the earth’s natural internet’, and was awarded the National Geographic Adventurer of the Year award in 2008 for his discoveries of new species of psilocybin mushrooms.

The Stoned Ape Theory has never been tested or proven, but it has inspired several researchers to study the effects of psychedelics on cognitive abilities. In recent years, studies using MDMA, LSD and psilocybin have found evidence to suggest that these drugs can be effective treatments for depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

While I don’t see myself as a mushroom guru or evangelist, I am passionate about educating others about the healing powers of mushrooms. As someone who has suffered from anxiety and depression for many years, I understand the importance of finding alternative ways to manage mental health symptoms.

My experiences with psilocybin mushrooms have inspired me to further research their benefits.

We know that brain development in primates is influenced by environmental factors like diet. We know that psilocybin is one of the most well-studied drugs for its potential therapeutic benefits, having shown promise in the treatment of depression, anxiety, cluster headaches, migraines, addiction disorders, anorexia nervosa, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and more.

We know that psilocybin — the psychoactive chemical in magic mushrooms — causes brain activity to shift from the default mode network (associated with ego and self-centered thought) to the salience network (associated with sensory perception). This allows for a mind-expanding experience where you are more attuned to your senses, lose your sense of time, and find new connections between seemingly unrelated topics.

In a 2003 study at Johns Hopkins, students were given psilocybin and observed while they entered into a trance. The results were astonishing; the students reported having a transcendental experience with mystical/spiritual overtones.

In the study, “psilocybin dose-dependently caused a shift from normal waking consciousness to a broad range of subjective effects including visions, mood elevation, psychological insight, and mystical experience.”

The study also noted that “the volunteers’ ratings of their experiences the day after the session included descriptions of deeply felt positive moods, psychospiritual experiences of emotional significance and reported benefits to well-being or life satisfaction.”

In October 2018, Johns Hopkins University opened The Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research — the first research center of its kind in the United States since 1970s when psychedelic research was criminalized by the Controlled Substances Act. The center’s director Roland Griffiths, has noted “the potential for benefit that psychedelics have for addressing some of the most important public health issues we face.”

A team led by Robin Carhart-Harris at Imperial College London has published new data on how psilocybin affects the brain. The results of their study suggest that psilocybin may just be the trigger that initiated human evolution and consciousness.

The team scanned the brains of 20 healthy volunteers while they were under the influence of psilocybin in an fMRI machine. They found that the drug reduced blood flow in areas associated with higher cognitive functions, such as self-consciousness and identity, as well as ego-orientation.

They also found that the drug reduced connectivity between two key areas of the brain: the default mode network (DMN) and the hippocampus.

The DMN is thought to be responsible for processing information about self-consciousness, while the hippocampus is involved with memory and learning.

The stoned ape theory is just an idea brought to light by Terrence McKennna, who had researched extensively on the topic, and had some statistics and theories to back his statements up. After decades of research since his death by some of the world’s foremost experts, it appears that the scientific studies are validating his claims.

Perhaps in the near future, Terrence Mckenna will be proven right.

SOURCES:

Image – artwork by Tony Gomez @ihanaart

The Secret Science of Humans Created from Clay (Dust)

The Secret Science of Humans Created from Clay (Dust)

We humans have been shaped through our DNA, life, and death that came from the dust and where we will all return. Unbroken chains of ancient DNA that the records of our lost history that can be found in the dust into eternal life.

This secret science of humans created from dust, mud, clay has been written about and encoded into the history of many nations by many of the world’s greatest philosophers, historians, and scientists. From Ancient Egypt to the Phoenicians, Greece, China, and to the Abrahamic Scriptures of the Christians and Arabs, all claim from their earliest of histories that man was made or molded from the earth (dust, dirt, clay, or mud).

To many people who read these creation stories, they appear to be fiction told in the form of a myth. Impossible claims of our human origins that could never be true. But with the advent of modern science and some of the discoveries made in the last five decades, we are learning that these stories told for thousands of years are most likely true.

Even today, hardcore atheists and scientists like Richard Dawkins have suggested human beings were born when mud led to the creation of the famous DNA double helix and life itself. He had written that mud n the form of clay, may have learned to replicate, and eventually the process led to the creation of the famous DNA double helix and life itself.

This statement is coming from a man who built much of his career by criticizing God, religion, and believers who to him, qualify as a delusion, which he defined in his 2006 book, The God Delusion. In fact, he considers faith or belief that is not based on evidence—as “one of the world’s great evils”.

But regardless of Dawkins’ criticisms and his disbelief of religion are the facts that some of the great stories found in the Abrahamic religions are starting to be inadvertently verified by modern science as true. So much so they may cause the worlds’ most outspoken and famous atheist to be forced to do an about-face and recognize the truths found in the Scriptures to become not just a believer, but a knower.

As I explained in my previous article, The History of Humans Created From Mud and Clay, one of the earliest writers to detail this science of what is called Môt was the Phoenician historian and a priest of Byblos (City of the Book/Bible), Sanchuniathon (Phoenician: 𐤎𐤊𐤍𐤉𐤕𐤍), whose works were later translated by Philo of Byblos into Greek. Sanchuniathon refers to a great wind which merged with its parents, and that connection was called ‘Desire’ (πόθος). From its connection, Môt or Mud was produced from the fermentation (putrefaction) of a watery mixture, and out of this came every germ of creation and the generation of the universe including animals and humans.

From the teachings of Môt or Mud by Sanchuniathon, and the various histories from almost all cultures of the world telling a very similar story, we have various philosophers, scientists, and authors who have speculated and commented on this subject. The original belief was that various insects and animals could be spontaneously generated from putrified (fungal colonized/rotting/decayed) matter.

Writing in the 17th century, theologian and historian, Alexander Ross, had said;

“[May one] doubt whether, in cheese and timber, worms are generated, or, if beetles and wasps, in cow’s dung, or if butterflies, locusts, shellfish, snails, eels, and suchlike be procreated of putrefied matter, which is apt to receive the form of that creature to which it is by the formative power disposed. To question this is to question reason, sense, and experience. If he doubts of this, let him go to Egypt, and there he will find the fields swarming with mice begot of the mud of the Nylus [Nile], to the great calamity of the inhabitants.” (Alexander Ross, Arcana Microcosmi, 1652.)

Charles Darwin stated in The Origin of Species that “all the organic beings which have ever lived on this Earth may be descended from some primordial form”. In 1837, Darwin was convinced that “the intimate relation of Life with laws of chemical combination, and the universality of latter render spontaneous generation not improbable” but he rejected the idea that putrefaction of preexisting organic compounds could lead to the appearance of organisms.  As he wrote in 1839 in his Fourth Notebook, “My theory leaves quite untouched the question of spontaneous generation.”

 The German geologist Heinrich George Bronn, who translated Darwin’s The Origin of Species, in , added another chapter of his own to the book discussing spontaneous generation in the context of Darwin’s theory. Shortly thereafter, Bronn published an essay arguing that Darwin’s theory was incomplete until it could account for the origin of life, in which he provided the research of Priestley, Pouchet, and others who have provided evidence of spontaneous generation.

The famous British biologist, Thomas Henry Huxley, also known as “Darwin’s Bulldog” for his advocacy of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution asserted that life could be generated from inorganic chemicals in his book Protoplasm: The Physical Basis of Life (1869). The British physicist John Tyndall in his “Belfast Address” of 1874 also stated that life could be generated from inorganic chemicals.

What is fascinating as it relates to our modern era is that science has already validated Sanchuniathon’s theory that all life came from the fermentation (putrefaction) of a watery mixture or what we simply call “molds or fungi.” For example, in 2003, researchers at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Massachusetts General Hospital showed that clay helps RNA form. Harvard Medical School Professor of Genetics Jack Szostak said, “It’s exciting because we know that a particular clay mineral helps with the assembly of RNA.”

Today, all living organisms store and transmit hereditary information using both DNA and RNA composed of four kinds of subunits known as nucleotides that determine the sequence of amino acids in proteins, which is the central mechanism in all of biology. (The Origin of the Universe, Earth, and Life)

Experiments conducted under conditions intended to resemble those present on primitive Earth have resulted in the production of some of the chemical components of proteins, DNA, and RNA. Some of these molecules also have been detected in meteorites from outer space and in interstellar space by astronomers using radio-telescopes. Scientists have concluded that the “building blocks of life” could have been available early in Earth’s history.

A 2013 study found that clay (dried mud) might have been the birthplace of life on Earth. Researchers from the Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science discovered that clay forms a hydrogel — a mass of microscopic spaces capable of soaking up liquids like a sponge. Over billions of years, chemicals confined in those spaces could have carried out the complex reactions that formed proteins, DNA, and eventually all the machinery that makes a living cell work, which protected those chemical processes until the membrane that surrounds living cells developed.

The researchers told the journal Scientific Reports that clay acts as a breeding laboratory for tiny molecules and chemicals which it ‘absorbs like a sponge’ and over billions of years the chemicals react with each other to form proteins, DNA and, eventually, living cells.

It is important to understand that it is not the actual particles of dirt or dust that mix with water to become clay that forms all life, but it is most likely the microbes that make up the earth’s soils that create life forms. Dust doesn’t absorb nutrients and or DNA. It is the microrganisms within and that make the dust that are able to absorb all matter aropund them.

This why researchers have discovered that it was most likely fungi that first colonized the surface of the earth leading to the beginnings of a soil system that still functions today. Fungi were some of the first complex life forms on land, mining rocks for mineral nourishment, slowly turning them into what would become soil. Fungi probably colonized the land during the Cambrian, over 500 million years ago, (Taylor & Osborn, 1996).

According to an article published on CBC.ca, “Fungi Are Responsible For Life On Land As We Know It.

“Fungi are absolutely remarkable chemists,” says McMaster University biochemistry professor Gerry Wright.  Fungi produce molecules that humans still can’t reproduce in a lab, and we’re only beginning to scrape the surface of what we can learn from them.

“[Fungi] are the garbage disposal agents of the natural world,” according to Cardiff University biosciences professor Lynne Boddy. “They break down dead, organic matter and by doing that they release nutrients and those nutrients are then made available for plants to carry on growing.”

“It’s how everything is reborn,” says Dunn. “So that this entire web of life is connected and it’s connected through the fungi.”

In short, fungi eat death, and in doing so, create new life.

Fungi hyphae form mycelium that connects trees and plants in an underground fungal highway — called the wood-wide web — transporting nutrients and sending danger signals.”

A 2006 paper published online by the journal Science said, “The evolutionary innovation and expansion of land biota could permanently increase [chemical] weathering intensity and [clay] formation, establishing a new level of organic carbon burial and oxygen accumulation.”

In 2009, a study published by The New Scientist suggested that the building blocks of DNA can form spontaneously from chemicals thought to be present on the primordial Earth and that DNA could have predated the birth of life. The researchers at by the University College London generated RNA using chemicals that probably existed on the early Earth showing that RNA may have formed spontaneously – powerful support for the idea that life began in an “RNA world”.

The New Scientist had stated; “Conventional wisdom is that RNA-based life eventually switched to DNA because DNA is better at storing information. In other words, RNA organisms made the first DNA.

If that is true, how did life make the switch? Modern organisms can convert RNA nucleotides into DNA nucleotides, but only using special enzymes that are costly to produce in terms of energy and materials. “You have to know that DNA does something good for you before you invent something like that,” Switzer says.

He says the story makes more sense if DNA nucleotides were naturally present in the environment. Organisms could have taken up and used them, later developing the tools to make their own DNA once it became clear how advantageous the molecule was – and once natural supplies began to run low.

“Organisms could have used naturally occurring DNA, then developed the tools to make their own”

Early organisms must have scavenged for materials in this way, says Matthew Levy of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City. “The early Earth was probably a bloody mess,” he says, with all manner of rich pickings on offer.

More recently, researchers analyzing samples from muddy sites in the western United States discovered that novel DNA structures appear to scavenge and ‘assimilate’ genes from microorganisms in their environment. These extra-long DNA strands, which the scientists named in honor of the fictional Star Trek ‘Borg’ aliens who assimilate the knowledge and technology of other species.

Jill Banfield, a geomicrobiologist at the University of California, Berkeley, had said, “We started off with a piece of mud and 10 trillion pieces of DNA”.

According to Cal State Berkley, “One sample, taken from the mud on her property, contained a gene-filled stretch of DNA almost 1 million bases long—and more than half the genes were novel. This linear stretch of DNA also had a particular pattern of bases at its beginning and end, distinct stretches of repetitive DNA between its genes, and two places along the sequence where DNA duplication could begin—which indicated the Borg could make copies of itself. Together, this suggested it was not just a random concoction of genes.”

Borgs are DNA structures “not like any that’s been seen before”, says Brett Baker, a microbiologist at the University of Texas at Austin. Other scientists agree that the find is exciting, but have questioned whether Borgs really are unique, noting similarities between them and other large ECEs.

I recently reported on a new study that found bits of genetic code (DNA) in tiny particles of dust that are the building blocks for all vertebrates, including humans. The researchers found that these bits of genetic code have been scrambled and placed on larger chromosomes discovering that these tiny ‘specks of dust’ are actually important building blocks for all vertebrates.

Last but not least, within the dust found in our modern homes is human skin and DNA. In fact, it is one of the main components of all household dust.

A 2008 study found that environmental samples from indoor surfaces of dust are composed largely of human skin cells and have been documented to contain roughly tens of micrograms of total DNA per gram of dust. The researchers found that human DNA was detected in 97% of 36 dust samples.

Humans shed dead skin cells in the millions every day. These decaying flakes of skin land all around you where you live in your home or work that are then fed upon by the various microscopic organisms such as fungi and dust mites whose job is to eat decaying matter.

A newly discarded skin scale is ‘the perfect food for fungi and dust mites who thrive on decomposing organic matter.

Scientists believe that fungi may either constitute a food supplement for mites or may have an indirect effect by decomposing human dander, thus making it more accessible for dust mites. There is a mutual relationship between fungi and HDMs.

Here is an image of fungal hyphae Fungal emerging from house dust mite poop/droppings.

With the above scientific evidence and the history told by almost all cultures around the world of humans being created and molded by the dust, it is difficult to maintain that we are the product of some chemical reaction. Our DNA and the science of all life on earth tell us otherwise.

We are part of the dust.

To put it more accurately, we are the offspring of the organisms within the dust.

Both creators and destroyers who are internally, externally, and eternally connected to the earth’s biosphere molding ourselves and the world around us.

The words are taken from Genesis 3:19, where God told “the man” that he is going to toil, struggle, and sweat trying to get food from the ground. Then he’ll return to the ground, for that’s where he was taken from to begin with—you are dust, and to dust you will return. It seems this message was understood to apply to all of us. As the great Psalmist says,

“As a father has compassion for his children, so the Lord has compassion for those who fear him. For he knows how we were made; he remembers that we are dust. As for mortals, their days are like grass; they flourish like a flower of the field; For the wind passes over it, and it is gone, and its place knows it no more.” (Psalm 103:13-16)

John Hopkins Beast: An Automaton Similar to Bacteria/Fungi

John Hopkins Beast: An Automaton Similar to Bacteria/Fungi

In the 1960s, the Applied Physics Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University built an automaton powered by germanium transistors they had named the “Johns Hopkins Beast.”

The machine was intelligent and the ability to move, consume energy and survive on its own.

The “Beast” wandered the white hallways of Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab seeking the black wall outlets with special photocell optics, and plug itself. After feeding upon its life force electricity, it would resume patrolling the hallways.

The Beast is controlled by dozens of transistors cybernetic whose coordinated actions have been compared to the bacteria hunting behaviors of large nucleated cells like paramecia, amoebae, or what I contend a demonic type intelligent fungi.

Most transistors are made from very pure silicon, and some from germanium, but certain other semiconductor materials are sometimes used. The first semiconductor electronics was based entirely on germanium.

Fungi and their fruiting bodies known as mushrooms contain organic germanium and the earth’s crust, which the electronics industry uses as a semiconductor in transistors and various other electronic devices. Germanium is mainly used for fiber-optic systems, infrared optics like infrared night vision systems and in thermal imaging cameras, solar cell applications, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The world’s first transistor computer was built at the University of Manchester in November 1953 by Richard Grimsdale and today they are making faster computers with germanium instead of traditional silicon. (Wikipedia)

JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST, VOLUME 24, NUMBER 1 (2003) p59

“APL has had a distinguished history in decision support and situational awareness. For example, during the 1950s and 1960s, the Laboratory was critically engaged in the development of weapon control systems and the Navy Tactical Data System (NTDS), and performed the first experiments on commanders’ use of automated decision support systems.

Researchers also began exploring mobile automata, developing two robots affectionately known as Ferdinand and the Hopkins Beast.

Ferdinand and the Beast demonstrated primitive situational awareness as they roamed the halls of APL, avoiding obstacles, stairs, and open doorways, and accurately locating and attaching to electrical outlets to recharge their batteries. Significantly, these devices presaged ideas becoming popular today. For example, a feature of the Army’s Future Combat Systems program is the planned use of small robotic devices that will roam the battlefield to collect information and support combat operations.”

SOURCES: Click on the blue links 😉

Meth Demons: How methamphetamine addicts develop parasitic fungal infections

Meth Demons: How methamphetamine addicts develop parasitic fungal infections

This article details the science of how Methamphetamine (METH) addiction has been proven to cause serious fungal infections in users. These fungal infections that addicts develop that I contend are the main reason they engage in socially and morally unacceptable behavior and develop mental illness, which culminates into suicidal tendencies and nihilistic world views.

Often, just in a few short years, they go from looking like normal people to what we can call a demon-like appearance and behaviors. Hence, it makes them Meth Demons who seem to be hell-bent on destroying themselves and everyone around them.

My theory is that it is not just the METH that makes addicts crazy, but it is the fungi/molds that grow within their lungs and gastrointestinal tracts, which has been proven to be our second brain. Various studies have shown how quickly this weakens their immune system from ingesting a drug containing things like battery acid, fuels, antifreeze, and cold medicines combined with horrible eating habits, a severe deficiency of vitamins, a lack of sun, and a lack of sleep.

When you combine all these toxic ingredients with terrible health habits into a daily routine, studies show that METH addicts quickly develop serious fungal infections, and I believe it is these organisms that have turned parasitic within addicts that are manipulating them and controlling their actions via this second brain.

Please think about this.

In my experience, these addicts are humans. Many are good people who may be our sons and daughters who have ignorantly partaken in a deadly drug that can cause a severe medical condition that can destroy their health and steal their personalities and ultimately ruin their lives.

Who would tolerate and still use a drug like METH that destroys how we look, our relationships, how we think, feel, and act and eventually lead to our death?

Are the people who use these drugs still “in control of their bodies and minds” or is their drug use resulting in a “pathogen” that is hell-bent on mind-controlling their victims?

Just like they have done to other animals and insects throughout the world as I describe in my articles, “Lord of the Flies: Fungi controls fly’s mind as it preys and infects other flies,” and “Parasitic mold that controls cicadas mind and forces them to infect other insects.

Before I began sharing my research, I would like you to think about some questions that I believe will give you context to my theory as you read further;

* Did you know that chronic METH use severely increases the chances of a systemic fungal infection in the lungs and brains of users?

* Did you know that both METH and molds/fungi cause biochemical, behavioral, and physiological abnormalities and psychosis?

* Did you know that both METH and molds/fungi can lead to long-term deterioration of attention, memory, and judgment?

* Did you know that both METH addicts and molds/fungi love sugar?

HOW METHAMPHETAMINE USE CAUSES SYSTEMIC FUNGAL INFECTIONS

In the United States of America, Methamphetamine (METH) addiction is one of the worst threats to our society because it adversely changes people’s behavior, making them more prone to crime and carriers of and transporters of various infectious diseases. One of these diseases that METH addicts are highly susceptible to developing and influencing their pathogenic behavior that I would like to bring to your attention is a systemic fungal infection.

It is essential to understand that METH use destroys your immune system and make addicts much more susceptible to infection. Several studies have been done over the last decade, showing the severe impact of methamphetamine on infection and immunity. A 2015 study had shown that as a result of drug use, our bodies create chemical defenses, which increases the pro-inflammatory responses, and the induction of oxidative stress pathways.

This causes significant neurotoxicities to arise, increasing the risk for acquiring transmissible microbes and other opportunistic infections such as systemic fungal infections; this research has been documented worldwide (Plankey et al., 2007; Volkow et al., 2007; Ye et al., 2008; Sutcliffe et al., 2009; Parry et al., 2011; Borders et al., 2013; Eugenin et al., 2013; Heninger and Collins, 2013; Khan et al., 2013; Stahlman et al., 2013; Liao et al., 2014).

According to the researchers in the study;

METH abrogates normal macrophage function, resulting in accelerated disease in murine histoplasmosis (Martinez et al., 2009). METH decreases phagocytosis and killing of H. capsulatum by primary macrophages. METH exposed H. capsulatum-infected mice have increased fungal burdens, increased pulmonary inflammation, and reduced survival.

METH exposure results in cytokine dysregulation, aberrant processing of yeasts within macrophages, and immobilization of MAC-1 receptors on the macrophage surface. Additionally, METH inhibits T cell proliferation and alters antibody production, both important components of adaptive immunity. Hence, it is established that METH alters the immune system of a mammalian host, resulting in enhanced disease (Martinez et al., 2009). (1)

It has been proven by science through various studies that METH has diverse effects on a person’s immunity, and it also stimulates fungal adhesion and biofilm formation in the lungs, which causes dissemination of the fungus from the respiratory tract into the brain. Meaning it provides the perfect environment in your body for molds/fungi to grow, reproduce, and become permanent residents in our lungs and brain.

This is when I believe the fungi become pathogenic and can seriously manipulate an addict’s mind to do its bidding like they have been proven to do in other insects.

It turns humans into walking and talking fungal parasites – AKA Demons!

To document these transformations in their appearance and in hopes to scare other people from using this demon drug, the Faces of Meth campaign was launched in 2004. Their goal was to show before and after pictures of users side by side, which proves the devastation that meth use causes to addicts – sometimes over the course of a few months.

According to a study done in 2013, researchers discovered that METH use has profound implications on tissue homeostasis and the host’s capacity to respond to invading pathogens such as Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans). (2) Meaning, that people who use METH are weakened to the point that they do not have a healthy immune system which allows pathogens such as the microorganism known as fungi or molds in English that causes, or can cause, disease and damage in its host.

The researchers call this an “enhanced fungal invasion.”

According to the lead researcher, Luis Martinez of Long Island University-Post, in Brookville, New York and of Albert Einstein College of Medicine in The Bronx;

Martinez says this greater ability to cause disease in the lung may be due in part to simple electrical attraction.

Their analysis shows that METH imparts a greater negative charge on the surface of the fungal cells, possibly lending them a greater attraction to the surface of the lung and an enhanced ability to form a biofilm that can protect its members from attack by the immune system. The fungus also releases more of its capsular polysaccharide in METH-treated mice, which can help the organism colonize and persist in the lung.

He commented, “When the organism senses the drug, it basically modifies the polysaccharide in the capsule. This might be an explanation for the pathogenicity of the organism in the presence of the drug, but it also tells you how the organism senses the environment and that it will modify the way that it causes disease.”

But the fungus doesn’t stop in the lungs. “The drug stimulates colonization and biofilm formation in the lungs of these animals,” says Martinez. “And this will follow to dissemination to the central nervous system by the fungus,” Martinez says.

The conclusion of the study stated;

“METH promotes C. neoformans colonization of the lungs upon infection and subsequent biofilm formation. Our findings suggest that C. neoformans biofilms may act as a fungal reservoir, shielding single cells from phagocytic cells, which can later disseminate, especially to the CNS. Moreover, the drug causes profound defects in the integrity of the Blood-Brain-Barrier BBB in vivo, increasing permeability, and facilitating the transmigration of C. neoformans to the CNS.

METH-induced alterations to the molecules responsible for maintaining the integrity of the BBB provide an explanation for the susceptibility of a METH abuser to brain infection by HIV and other pathogens. Broadly, METH has diverse and pronounced detrimental effects on host immunity that can also enhance pathogen persistence and proliferation.”

I would like to point out that METH is a drug that acts upon the central nervous system and chronic meth abuse causes detrimental effects on host immunity, which can lead to the fungi/molds proliferating the lungs and the blood brain barrier through the central nervous system.

It is akin to the fungi taking a bullet train to your brain via the central nervous system.

In some people, the parasite-host manipulation from the GI Tract can start happening immediately or within days/weeks causing them to develop psychosis or go insane i.e.: parasite-controlled humans.

METH also causes the massive release of the neurotransmitters like dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, and blocks their reuptake, leading to long-term deterioration of attention, memory, and judgment. (Downes and Whyte, 2005; Collins et al., 2014). That may be one reason why users make such poor choices repeatedly because they have forgotten how to be human, and the moral codes that govern our societies are swapped by the moral codes of the fungal parasite, of which there seem to be none.

Hence, you will know them by their fruits or, more appropriately, their moldy and decaying fruits.

Along with neuropsychiatric deficits, methamphetamine abusers suffer from mental illnesses such as anxiety, depression, and psychosis being the most commonly reported.

Now, let me turn your attention to the fact that the toxins produced by some fungi/molds are neurotoxins that are poisonous or destructive to brain and nerve tissue, which causes a condition known as neurotoxicity. The term neurotoxicity refers to damage to the brain or peripheral nervous system caused by exposure to toxins and myconeurotoxicity when a person is exposed to mold toxins, which I believe is exactly happening.

When mold mycotoxins cause neurotoxicity, it is called myconeurotoxicity, which refers to any adverse effects of exposure to mycotoxins or byproducts of primary and secondary mold metabolism, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on the structural or functional integrity of the developing or adult nervous system. Neuromycotoxic effects may involve a spectrum of biochemical, morphological, behavioral, and physiological abnormalities whose onset can vary from immediate to delayed actions, following exposure to mycotoxins. The duration of effects may be transient or persistent and result in disability in some individuals, while some may have life-threatening consequences. (3)

A November 2015 study of mice titled “Mold inhalation, brain inflammation, and behavioral dysfunction” was developed by researchers to show a mouse model to determine how mold exposure can lead to neurobehavioral dysfunction. The researchers had formed a hypothesis that mold inhalation, like a bacterial infection, activates an innate immune response triggering microglial activation with resultant behavioral dysfunction.

Here is an excerpt from the study:

“Deficits in contextual memory were correlated with numbers of amoeboid microglia and microglial size in the dorsomedial dentate gyrus. Spore inhalation increased the numbers of cells in the hippocampus expressing the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Increased numbers of cells expressing IL-1beta in hippocampal CA1 were positively correlated with spatial memory deficits and increased fear.

Mold exposure also affected two of the three stages of neurogenesis. Inhalation of EX spores decreased numbers of immature new neurons in the dorsomedial hippocampus expressing doublecortin, while IN treatment decreased numbers of adult-born BrdU-labeled neurons that matured and expressed NeuN. Our data suggest that respiratory exposure to any mold, not just the particularly toxic ones like Stachybotrys, may be capable of causing brain inflammation, cognitive deficits, and emotional problems.” (4)

Immune system disorders and abnormal natural killer cell (NKC) activity was found in patients with chronic toxigenic mold exposure in a 2003 study. The major symptoms reported were headache, general debilitating pains, nose bleeding, fevers with body temperatures up to 40 degrees C (104 degrees F), cough, memory loss, depression, mood swings, sleep disturbances, anxiety, chronic fatigue, vertigo/dizziness, and in some cases, seizures.

The researchers found that the patient’s sleep could be disturbed by mycotoxins and exerted some rigorous effects on the circadian rhythmic processes resulting in sleep deprivation. Depression, psychological stress, tissue injuries, malignancies, carcinogenesis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis could be induced at very low physiological concentrations by mycotoxin-induced NKC activity.

The researchers concluded that chronic exposures to toxigenic mold could lead to abnormal NKC activity with a wide range of neurological consequences, some of which were headache, general debilitating pains, fever, cough, memory loss, depression, mood swings, sleep disturbances, anxiety, chronic fatigue, and seizures.

This research correlates with other studies that have focused on mold exposure, brain changes, and neuropsychological problems such as mild traumatic brain injury, dysregulation of emotions, decreased cognitive functioning, short-term memory loss, executive function/judgment, concentration, and hand/eye coordination.

It is important that you understand my theory that it is not the methamphetamine that is causing the mental illness and psychosis, but that it weakens the users’ immune system, leading to a systemic fungal infection, additional infections. For example, it is not just the fungus, Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) that people need to worry about but other fungi can cause infection, illness, disease, and death in addicts.

METH CAUSES CANDIDA INFECTIONS AND CANDIDA INFECTION CAUSE MENTAL ILLNESS, ITCHING SYSTEMS, AND MEMORY LOSS

Candidemia, a bloodstream infection caused by Candida species and is prevalent amongst IV Drug users of METH. Candidemia is typically considered a health care-associated infection, but injection drug use (IDU) has emerged as an increasingly common condition related to candidemia. Among 203 candidemia cases in the Denver metropolitan area during May 2017–September 2018, 11% of the cases were IV drug users and of which 73% reported using METH, according to research published by the CDC. (5)

Studies have shown that METH facilitates intracellular replication and inhibits intracellular killing of Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. (6)

Candida is a yeast-like fungus naturally found in small amounts in human digestive tracts, but drugs enhance its overgrowth like METH with its chronic use, poor diet, excess sugar intake, and lack of sleep. Users often report itching sensations and scratch their skin, creating sores sometimes all over their bodies and faces. Users have even made claims of bugs, worms, and or flies crawling underneath their skin.

What is interesting is that Candida infections cause burning, itching symptoms, thrush (rashes in the throat or mouth), and sexually transmittable genital yeast infections in men and women.

Candida infections are linked to mental illness and are more common among those with memory loss.

The same mental issues that chronic Meth users suffer from.

For example, in a 2016 study published in Science Daily, both men and women with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder who tested positive for Candida performed worse on a standard memory test than people with the same disorders who had no evidence of past infection. According to the lead researcher, Emily Severance, Ph.D., assistant professor of pediatrics and member of the Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine;

“Although we cannot demonstrate a direct link between Candida infection and physiological brain processes, our data show that some factor associated with Candida infection, and possibly the organism itself, plays a role in affecting the memory of women with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and this is an avenue that needs to be further explored,” says Severance.

“Because Candida is a natural component of the human body microbiome, yeast overgrowth or infection in the digestive tract, for example, may disrupt the gut-brain axis.

This disruption, in conjunction with an abnormally functioning immune system, could collectively disturb those brain processes that are important for memory.

“However, most Candida infections can be treated in their early stages, and clinicians should make it a point to look out for these infections in their patients with mental illness.” She adds that Candida infections can also be prevented by decreased sugar intake and other dietary modifications, avoidance of unnecessary antibiotics, and improvement of hygiene. (7)

SOURCES:

1. Impact of methamphetamine on infection and immunity

2. Methamphetamine Enhances Cryptococcus neoformans Pulmonary Infection and Dissemination to the Brain 

3. The validity of the environmental neurotoxic effects of toxigenic molds and mycotoxins

4. Mold inhalation, brain inflammation, and behavioral dysfunction

5. Candida Bloodstream Infections Among Persons Who Inject Drugs — Denver Metropolitan Area, Colorado, 2017–2018 – 

6. Methamphetamine Inhibits Antigen Processing, Presentation, and Phagocytosis

7. Yeast infection linked to mental illness 

 

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